Recensement de la population 2025

The Institut Monégasque de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (IMSEE) produced this comprehensive study of Monaco’s resident population, housing stock and demographic trends for 2025. IMSEE, the official statistical office of the Principality, gathers data from civil registers, residency cards, school enrolments and other administrative sources, ensuring a detailed picture of the micro‑state’s demographic and housing landscape.

In 2025 Monaco counted 22 577 dwellings, a 1.8 % increase from the previous year. Private housing dominates the market, representing 80.6 % (approximately 18 200 homes) while state‑owned (domaniaux) units account for 19.4 % (about 4 380 homes). The most densely populated districts, Monte‑Carlo and La Rousse, together host over 10 200 dwellings (45.4 % of the total). The smallest residential areas are Larvotto and Monaco‑Ville, with 1 391 and 615 homes respectively. Fontvieille shows the highest proportion of state‑owned housing at 37.9 %, contrasting sharply with Monte‑Carlo’s 2.9 % share.

Monaco’s resident population reached 38 857 in 2025, a modest 1.1 % rise year‑on‑year. Women slightly outnumber men (50.8 % vs 49.2 %). The median age is 47.2 years, indicating an ageing society, with 14.9 % of residents aged 75 + and 15.1 % under 16. Household size averages around 2.1 persons, reflecting a prevalence of small families and single‑person households, a factor influencing housing demand for compact, energy‑efficient units.

Among the 32 629 adult residents, 50.6 % are married, 32.5 % single, and the remainder are divorced, separated or widowed. Marriage rates are higher among men (52.7 %) than women (48.5 %). These patterns affect housing needs, with married couples often seeking larger, longer‑term homes, while single residents may prefer studios or one‑bedroom apartments that can be more easily retrofitted for sustainability.

The census records 144 nationalities, the three largest being Monégasque (24.0 %), French (21.3 %) and Italian (19.5 %). Between 2023 and 2025, 2 700 new adult residents arrived, mainly from France (≈550), Italy (≈450) and the United Kingdom (≈450). Recent migrants are on average 39.8 years old, slightly younger than the overall resident average, and tend to settle in private housing, reinforcing demand for modern, energy‑saving dwellings.

Thirty‑five point eight percent of residents aged 18‑64 are employed within Monaco, with higher participation (45.5 %) among the 35‑44 age group. The private sector accounts for 25.7 % of employment, while the public sector provides 10.1 %. This labour profile influences commuting patterns and the need for locally sourced, low‑emission housing solutions to reduce transport‑related carbon footprints.

In 2025, 39.4 % of children under two years were enrolled in crèches, a slight decline from 40.1 % in 2024. The total number of resident children in this age bracket fell to 369. Demand for family‑friendly housing with access to childcare facilities remains important, encouraging the integration of communal play areas and energy‑efficient heating systems suitable for young families.

Monaco’s high proportion of private housing, ageing demographic, and limited land area drive a focus on compact, high‑performance buildings. The modest growth in dwellings (1.8 %) underscores the need for vertical development, retrofitting of existing stock, and the adoption of renewable energy sources such as solar panels and district heating. The prevalence of state‑owned housing in selected districts offers a testing ground for public‑sector sustainability initiatives, while the private sector’s dominance suggests market‑driven innovation will be crucial. For a pan‑European audience, Monaco exemplifies the challenges of delivering sustainable housing in dense, affluent micro‑states, highlighting the importance of data‑driven policy, mixed‑ownership strategies, and targeted investments in energy‑efficient retrofits.