Redesigning the Housing Market

The article "Redesigning the Housing Market," published by Assemble Papers and authored by urban designer Andy Fergus, explores the impact of funding sources on the quality and diversity of housing options. The piece reflects on Fergus's research into alternative housing models gathered through visits to experimental projects in Berlin, interviews with designers and policymakers, and comparative analysis across several European nations, including the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The publication underscores the significance of innovative housing models that offer sustainable alternatives to traditional market-driven approaches.

Fergus identifies a range of ethical market-based housing development models emerging primarily in Melbourne, Australia, despite the lack of government support. These models focus on delivering affordable and environmentally sustainable housing while capping profits and reducing risks. For instance, the Assemble Model allows residents to lease homes while saving to purchase them, providing both stability and flexibility. Another significant model, the Nightingale Model, aggregates demand through waiting lists and mandates environmental innovation in design and construction across various projects.

The Baugruppe or "Building Group" model allows residents to finance their apartment buildings collectively. This model can be citizen-led or architect-led, with projects typically financed through individual mortgages requiring substantial deposits. Notably, these collaborations result in award-winning buildings that prioritize sustainability and community decision-making. Examples of successful Baugruppe projects include R50 and BIGyard in Berlin, and Property Collectives in Melbourne.

In the Netherlands, the Zelfbouw model empowers individuals to design and build their own homes within designated urban precincts. City councils allocate affordable plots subject to strict design rules, fostering a collaborative environment among residents and architects. The resulting neighborhoods are characterized by high-density, individually commissioned townhouses, exemplified by developments in IJburg/Zeeburg and Buiksloterham, Amsterdam.

Zürich is a notable case for co-operative rental housing, where co-operatives have played a pivotal role in addressing housing shortages for over a century. These entities are responsible for approximately 25% of the city's housing stock, utilizing long-term rental models funded by low-interest loans. Residents contribute minimal equity and benefit from below-market rents, exemplified by projects like Kalkbreite and Mehr Als Wohnen.

The co-housing model, originating from Denmark in the late 1960s, emphasizes collective living and community engagement. Co-housing groups prioritize environmental sustainability and democratic governance, often resulting in low-rise developments with around 30 dwellings. These projects may adopt alternative financial models to secure community stability. Examples include Spreefeld in Berlin, Sargfabrik in Vienna, and Murundaka in Melbourne.

Fergus's research reveals a spectrum of innovative housing models that challenge traditional notions of market-driven development. These alternatives are increasingly recognized for their potential to foster sustainable communities, enhance social outcomes, and provide diverse housing options. The collaborative efforts of residents and designers, as highlighted in various case studies, underscore the importance of rethinking housing strategies to meet contemporary challenges.