The Perceive Project, a research initiative published in 2019, has dedicated three years to examining the relationship between Cohesion Policy and the perception of Europe among its citizens. This project has produced several deliverables, culminating in eight key conclusions that provide insights for citizens, practitioners, and policymakers regarding EU communication and identity.
Communication Challenges
One of the primary findings is that Europe faces significant challenges in communicating its policies effectively. The communication surrounding the Cohesion Policy has not succeeded in garnering support for the EU. Despite the existence of European funds, local governments often take credit for the benefits, leading to a disconnect. Traditional media remains the main source of information, with 30% of awareness generated through television and 23% through newspapers, while social media only accounts for 5.8%. The report suggests employing more sophisticated communication tools, such as video contests and photo exhibitions, to engage specific groups, particularly those marginalized by European integration.
Structural Funds and Support
The second conclusion highlights that merely allocating structural funds does not guarantee consent or support for the EU. In regions like Calabria, Italy, while there is high awareness of funds, only 10% perceive them positively. This discrepancy is attributed to poor spending and ineffective communication regarding the benefits of the Cohesion Policy.
Low Awareness of EU Policies
Research shows that nearly half of European citizens are unaware of EU policies. The awareness of Cohesion Policy stands at only 45%, while structural funds are recognized by about 50% of EU citizens. The terminology used also plays a role; terms like "cohesion policy" are seen as more cryptic compared to "regional policy," which is better understood.
🇱 Higher Recognition in New Member States
Interestingly, awareness of EU investments is notably higher in newer member countries. Citizens in Poland and Estonia report awareness levels of 63% and 60% respectively, while the UK and the Netherlands show much lower levels at 21% and 18%. This suggests a two-speed scenario within the EU regarding policy recognition.
Euroscepticism and Benefit Perception
The findings further reveal that not all Eurosceptic governments govern Eurosceptic populations. For instance, in Poland, which is led by a Eurosceptic government, a significant majority of citizens recognize the benefits of EU funding, contrasting sharply with regions like Emilia Romagna in Italy, where only 15% perceive similar benefits.
Demographics and EU Perception
The perception of the EU is less favorable among older, less-educated, and rural citizens. The report indicates that younger individuals, particularly those aged 18 to 49, and those with higher education levels, are more likely to appreciate the EU and its benefits.
The Role of Investment in Awareness
Investment in communication plays a crucial role in enhancing awareness of EU policies. The amount of structural funds absorbed and the budget allocated for communication directly impact citizens' awareness and support for the EU. However, the effectiveness of communication investments tends to decrease over time.
Institutional Quality and Trust
Lastly, the quality of national institutions and levels of corruption significantly influence citizens' trust in the EU. Wealthier regions are often more critical of EU efficacy and governance, while poorer regions tend to have higher levels of recognition and trust in EU institutions, despite facing internal corruption.
These findings from the Perceive Project highlight the complexities of EU communication, funding awareness, and citizen perception, all of which are crucial for fostering a more cohesive European identity and addressing sustainable housing challenges within the broader context of EU policies.