Holistic evaluation of housing projects and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

The document titled "Holistic evaluation of housing projects and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" is part of the Evaluation Perspectives series published by the Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB). This series aims to disseminate knowledge and evidence-based learning related to social development topics from an evaluation standpoint. The first issue focuses on housing, an increasingly critical issue in many CEB member countries due to factors such as growing urban populations, rising housing prices, and urban transformation trends that exacerbate social inequalities.

Access to housing is a vital element addressed by the 2030 Agenda and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations in September 2015. Specifically, SDG 11 promotes the creation of inclusive and sustainable cities and communities, emphasizing "access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing" as a core target. The CEB has historically focused on financing housing for lower-income and vulnerable groups, a mandate that has been integral since the bank's inception in 1956.

Traditionally, evaluations of housing projects have primarily focused on physical structures, measuring success through metrics like the number of dwellings built or construction quality and cost-effectiveness. However, housing should be viewed within a broader urban context, as investments have significant implications that extend beyond mere physical constructs. The CEB’s evaluations highlight the necessity of assessing not just the built environment but also the social and economic dimensions associated with housing.

The document advocates for a comprehensive and holistic evaluation of housing projects that transcends physical interventions. This holistic evaluation employs a three-level approach: 1. First-Level Assessment: This pertains to the physical condition of the dwellings themselves. 2. Second-Level Results: This level examines the direct and indirect impacts of housing on beneficiaries, encompassing effects on health, household finances, employment, and education. 3. Third-Level Impacts: Housing projects also influence the surrounding neighborhoods and the broader social, economic, and environmental landscapes. These effects may not be immediately apparent and can manifest long-term, with some being intentional while others remain unpredictable.

Understanding the complex range of effects stemming from housing investments is crucial for ensuring sustainability from human, social, environmental, and institutional perspectives. The evaluations indicate that while some impacts of housing projects are positive, others may not be, highlighting the importance of considering both intended and unintended consequences. This understanding is vital for guiding future housing projects to enhance their social impact effectively.

In summary, the document emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to evaluating housing projects, aligning with the goals of the 2030 Agenda and aiming to improve the overall effectiveness of housing policies and practices across Europe.