Why Is Spain’s Social Housing So Well-Designed?

Spain is currently facing a housing crisis marked by increasing evictions, escalating rents, and a significant shortage of affordable housing. The country has recognized the urgent need for social housing, particularly in urban areas like Barcelona, where tourism has exacerbated the problem by converting many properties into short-term rentals. As a response, local governments have begun implementing ambitious plans aimed at increasing the availability of social housing.

A notable example of Spain's commitment to social housing is the Modulus Matrix, a six-story development in Cornellà de Llobregat, which recently won the prestigious RIBA International Prize. Designed by the Barcelona-based firm Peris + Toral Arquitectes, this building comprises 85 socially rented homes and has been hailed as a "blueprint for delivering sustainable, quality housing" on a global scale. This project exemplifies a shift in the perception of social housing, highlighting that it can be well-designed and functional.

In recent years, Spanish social housing projects have incorporated features that prioritize both sustainability and quality of life. These include sunbathed balconies, generous communal spaces, and the use of natural materials. Additionally, passive design principles have been employed to enhance living conditions and reduce energy bills. These innovations have become increasingly important as cities grapple with the challenges of substandard and overcrowded living conditions.

The city of Barcelona has set forth a Right to Housing Plan for 2016-2025, aiming to double its social housing provision in response to the crisis. This plan, supported by a financial commitment of €1.7 billion from the City Council, represents a significant increase in funding compared to previous years. The city has also been actively purchasing existing buildings and vacant apartments at reduced rates to expand its social housing stock.

Recent architectural designs in Barcelona have moved away from traditional layouts, favoring configurations that encourage social interaction and maximize natural light and ventilation. For example, new developments feature layouts that allow apartments to open on multiple sides, providing residents with access to sunlight and breezes. The use of mass timber in construction has also gained traction, reducing carbon emissions and speeding up the building process.

In addition to conventional social housing, Barcelona has introduced cooperative housing initiatives, allowing groups to build and occupy properties at below-market prices. These cooperatives often promote communal living and participatory design processes, enabling future residents to have a say in the architecture and amenities of their homes.

Despite these advancements, the social housing produced in Barcelona remains insufficient to meet the high demand. As of now, only 2% of housing in Catalonia is classified as social housing, far below the European average of 15%. The city continues to face challenges, as evidenced by recent protests against rising rents, highlighting the need for ongoing reforms in housing policy.

Barcelona's upcoming Housing Plan for 2025-2032 aims to address current shortcomings and reaffirm housing as a fundamental right for all citizens. This ongoing commitment to social housing reflects a broader trend across Europe, emphasizing the importance of sustainable and equitable living environments for all residents.