Context and Publication
The document titled "The Story of Social Economy in the Basque Country" was published by Editorial DYKINSON in 2021 and is directed by Marta Enciso Santocildes, Aitor Bengoetxea Alkorta, and Leire Uriarte Zabala. It provides a comprehensive overview of the social economy in the Basque Country, emphasizing its historical development, current realities, and future challenges, particularly in the context of cooperatives and sustainable practices.
Social Economy Overview
The Basque Country has a rich tradition of social economy, with a strong emphasis on cooperatives that prioritize people over capital. As of 2018, cooperatives accounted for 88.1% of social economy employment, employing approximately 53,390 individuals. This sector contributes around 6% to the region's GDP, indicating its significant role in the Basque economy.
Growth and Resilience
Despite economic challenges, the cooperative sector has shown resilience. During the 2008-2014 economic crisis, while the overall employment in the Basque Country decreased by 9.88%, cooperative employment only saw a modest decline of 6.03%. In fact, the number of cooperatives has steadily increased, even during economic downturns, highlighting their ability to adapt and thrive.
Commitment to Sustainability
Basque cooperatives are characterized by their commitment to sustainability and community engagement. They are known for creating dignified employment and maintaining job stability, focusing on long-term sustainability rather than short-term profits. The cooperative model emphasizes democratic governance, where decisions are made collectively, ensuring that every member has a voice.
Housing Cooperatives
Housing cooperatives in the Basque Country have gained prominence, growing from 123 in 2002 to 421 by 2017. These cooperatives aim to provide affordable housing solutions, often in collaboration with public authorities. They are designed to empower members to participate in the management and decision-making processes regarding housing developments, ensuring that their needs are met.
Educational and Social Integration
The document highlights the uniqueness of educational cooperatives, which serve to integrate various community members, including parents and educators. These cooperatives play a vital role in promoting social cohesion and cultural identity, particularly in the Basque context, where language and cultural preservation are essential.
Economic Impact
The economic impact of cooperatives extends beyond mere employment figures. In 2018, cooperatives in the Basque Country generated a gross added value (GAV) of approximately 6%, demonstrating their role as significant economic players. They are also recognized for their contributions to social welfare, investing in community projects and ensuring fair distribution of wealth among members.
Conclusion
The Basque Country's approach to social economy, particularly through cooperatives, serves as a model for sustainable housing and community development. Its emphasis on democratic participation, social responsibility, and economic resilience provides valuable insights for other regions in Europe seeking to enhance their sustainable housing initiatives.