The Story of Social Economy in the Basque Country

The document titled "The Story of Social Economy in the Basque Country" is published by Editorial DYKINSON and features contributions from various authors, including Marta Enciso Santocildes and Aitor Bengoetxea Alkorta. It explores the evolution and characteristics of the social economy in the Basque Country, emphasizing its role in sustainable development and community welfare.

The Basque Country has a rich tradition of social economy characterized by its cooperative movement, which accounts for 88.1% of employment within the social economy sector. In 2018, cooperatives generated approximately 53,390 jobs, contributing around 6% to the region's GDP. The social economy in this area is primarily business-oriented, focusing on the well-being of individuals and communities rather than solely profit maximization.

The cooperative movement in the Basque Country is notable for its diversity, covering various sectors such as industrial, agricultural, and educational cooperatives. In 2019, there were 3,195 cooperatives, with 2,359 classified as worker-owned, showcasing a unique model where employees also hold ownership stakes. This dual role fosters a strong sense of community and commitment to sustainable practices.

Housing cooperatives have gained traction, growing from 123 in 2002 to 421 in 2017. These cooperatives provide affordable housing options while prioritizing member involvement and democratic management. The cooperative formula enables members to collectively manage development projects, ensuring that housing remains accessible and aligns with community needs.

Data indicate that cooperatives are more resilient during economic downturns. For instance, while total employment in the Basque Country decreased by 9.88% from 2008 to 2014, cooperatives experienced a much smaller decline of 6.03%. This resilience is attributed to cooperative principles, which prioritize long-term sustainability and member welfare.

Cooperatives are deeply embedded in their local communities, often contributing to social welfare projects and promoting environmental sustainability. For example, cooperatives are mandated to invest a portion of their profits in social initiatives, thereby reinforcing their role as catalysts for positive change in society.

The cooperative movement faces challenges such as raising awareness of its unique model and ensuring the integration of new technologies. However, the focus on innovation and adaptability places Basque cooperatives in a strong position to address emerging social and environmental issues, making them key players in the transition to sustainable housing practices across Europe. This resource serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the social economy in the Basque Country and its implications for sustainable development in housing and community welfare.