Analysen und Empfehlungen zur Vereinbarkeit von bezahlbarem Wohnen und Klimaschutz

The resource titled "Analysen und Empfehlungen zur Vereinbarkeit von bezahlbarem Wohnen und Klimaschutz" is published by the Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR). The authors include Dr. Katja Schumacher, Dr. Johanna Cludius, and several other experts in the field.

Germany has committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2045, necessitating significant reductions in emissions across all sectors, including the building sector. The study addresses the conflict between affordable housing and climate protection, focusing on low to middle-income households. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive measures to enhance energy efficiency and transition to renewable energy sources in existing buildings.

To alleviate the financial burden on tenants, the study recommends lowering modernization surcharges and exploring new models for allocating modernization costs. It suggests that the currently debated third-party model could allow state support to benefit landlords directly, while also proposing the development of a climate component in housing benefits that adjusts for the state of the building.

The analysis highlights that rising energy prices have made housing increasingly unaffordable for lower-income households, with over three million households spending more than 40% of their income on rent. The study calls for the design of a policy mix that promotes both climate goals and affordable housing solutions.

The project indicates that all stakeholders, including private landlords, housing cooperatives, and municipal housing companies, must be engaged in order to reconcile climate targets with affordable housing. The authors stress the importance of considering the diverse needs and financial situations of different groups when designing instruments and supporting measures.

The study employs various models to assess the socio-economic impacts of measures related to carbon pricing, investment support, and complementary measures. It underscores that effective climate policies must not only aim for emission reductions but also ensure that housing remains affordable for vulnerable groups.

The implementation of minimum efficiency standards for buildings and the requirement for new heating systems to use at least 65% renewable energy are crucial. The study describes how regulatory frameworks can support the necessary transformations while ensuring that costs are shared fairly among tenants and landlords.

In conclusion, the research provides a scientifically grounded contribution to the ongoing discussion about how to balance affordable housing with climate protection. It stresses that a mix of instruments—including carbon pricing and targeted funding—is essential for achieving both climate goals and social justice in housing.